What to See and Do in Siena Italy: Complete Guide

Located in the heart of Tuscany, Siena is one of the best-preserved medieval cities in Italy. With its unique architecture, cobbled streets, and vibrant culture, it is a destination that captivates those in search of art, history, and gastronomy. In this complete guide to Siena, I share what to see and do, practical tips, and fun facts so you can have an unforgettable experience.

A bit of history: Siena and its founding legend

Siena was born, according to legend, thanks to the twins Sienio and Ascanio, sons of Remus, the brother of Romulus, founder of Rome. That’s why the wolf nursing the twins is a symbol of the city and you’ll find it in sculptures and fountains throughout the old town.

During the Middle Ages, Siena became an independent and powerful republic, rivaling Florence in trade, art, and architecture. It was an important financial and cultural center, especially between the 13th and 14th centuries.

What to see in Siena: my must-sees

Duomo of Siena (Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta)

A jewel of Italian Gothic. And in my opinion, one of the most beautiful churches I have ever seen. Admire its facade decorated with white, green, and red marble. Inside, the highlights are:

• The marble mosaic floor, unique in the world.

• Sculptures by Michelangelo, Donatello, and Bernini.

• The Piccolomini Library, with dazzling frescoes.

Fun fact: The cathedral floor is only fully uncovered a few weeks each year.

La Porta del Cielo

An unforgettable walk along the upper walkways of the Duomo, where you can see frescoes and architectural details that normally go unnoticed. This is truly a unique experience since it is rare to have the opportunity to see a church from this perspective.

The Crypt and the Baptistery of San Giovanni

The crypt remained hidden for over 700 years. Its 13th-century frescoes are surprisingly well preserved. The Baptistery, with its baptismal font decorated by Donatello and Ghiberti, is another must-see.

Museo dell’Opera del Duomo and Facciatone

The museum preserves sculptures and works that originally adorned the Duomo. Being able to admire some of the original pieces is a privilege. If I can recommend something, it is to stop and take in each piece. My favorite was the stained glass window, simply beautiful. From the museum, you can also access the Facciatone, part of an unfinished project to expand the cathedral, which offers the best views of Siena.

Piazza del Campo and Torre del Mangia

The heart of Siena, the setting of the Palio di Siena. The square, shaped like a shell, is unique in the world. Climb the Torre del Mangia to enjoy a panoramic view of the city and the Tuscan landscape.

Palazzo Pubblico and Civic Museum

Here you can admire Lorenzetti’s frescoes on Good and Bad Government, a masterpiece of medieval civic art. This museum has very interesting pieces.

Basilica of San Domenico

Here Saint Catherine of Siena, patron saint of Italy, is venerated. The chapel where her head is kept as a relic is decorated with frescoes that tell the story of her life. This church is much simpler than the Duomo, but the views from its surroundings are incredible—you can’t miss them.

Tip: get the OPA SI PASS

If I have one piece of advice, it’s to buy this pass. It’s very affordable, and the amount you can see with it is worth it. I dare say that if you have to choose just one attraction, this is the one, since all the sites are in the same area.

For about 21 euros you get access to:
✔ The Duomo
✔ The Crypt
✔ The Baptistery
✔ The Museo dell’Opera del Duomo
✔ The Porta del Cielo (in season)

Frequently asked questions about visiting Siena

What is the best time to visit Siena?

The best time is spring (April-June) and early autumn (September-October), with pleasant weather and fewer tourists. I went at the end of March, the weather was pleasant, and the number of tourists was minimal. If you don’t like crowds, this is the ideal time.
In summer, temperatures are high and there are more people, but that’s when the Palio di Siena takes place.
In winter, you’ll find a quieter atmosphere and lower prices.

How many days do I need to visit Siena?

✔ One day: For the main points of interest.
✔ Two or more days: Ideal if you want to explore museums, enjoy the food, and visit nearby villages.

How do I get to Siena from other Italian cities?

✔ From Florence: direct train (1.5 hours) or bus (1.25 hours).
✔ From Rome: train with change in Chiusi (3-4 hours) or direct bus (3 hours).
✔ By car: practical if you plan to tour Tuscany, but remember the center is ZTL (limited traffic zone). There’s parking outside the walls and it’s easy to access.

What can’t I miss in Siena?

• Piazza del Campo

• Siena Cathedral and Piccolomini Library

• Torre del Mangia

• Civic Museum in the Palazzo Pubblico

• Santa Maria della Scala (near the Duomo)

• Strolling through the historic center

Is it recommended to book tickets in advance?

Yes, especially in high season. Book tickets for the Cathedral, Porta del Cielo, and Torre del Mangia in advance.

What is the Palio di Siena and when is it held?
It’s the famous horse race in Piazza del Campo:
✔ July 2 (Palio di Provenzano)
✔ August 16 (Palio dell'Assunta)

What local specialties should I try in Siena?

• Pici (handmade thick pasta)

• Cinta Senese (local pork cold cuts)

• Panforte (spiced fruit and nut cake)

• Ricciarelli (almond cookies)

• Tuscan wines (Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino)

Is Siena a good base for exploring Tuscany?

Yes, it’s perfect for day trips to places like San Gimignano, Monteriggioni, Volterra, Chianti, and Val d'Orcia.

Do I need to rent a car to get around?

✔ Within Siena: not necessary.
✔ For the surroundings: yes, a car is necessary.

Is Siena safe for tourists?

Siena is very safe. I had no problems when I visited, and I didn’t see anything that made me feel unsafe.

Conclusion: Siena, a journey to the medieval heart of Tuscany

Siena is a destination that combines history, art, and culture like few places in Italy. My recommendation is to let yourself be carried away by its magic, enjoy its gastronomy, and experience the city at your own pace. It’s a city where just walking around lets you enjoy its beautiful architecture and peace.